Experiencing Jazz

Contents

• CONTENTS
• List of Photos
• List of Examples
• List of Figures
• Preface to the Third Edition of Experiencing Jazz
• Acknowledgements
• PART I: UNDERSTANDING JAZZ
• Chapter 1 The Nature of Jazz
• Experiencing Music … Experiencing Jazz
• That Four-Letter Word
• Defining Jazz
• Chapter Summary
• Study Questions
• Chapter 2 Listening to Jazz
• Performance Practice
• The Drum Set and Swing
• Orchestration and Instrumentation
• The Arrangement
• Instrumental Techniques and Special Effects
• Special Effects—The Sounds of Jazz
• Jazz Singing
• Understanding Jazz Improvisation
• Understanding the Whole Performance
• Describing the Performance
• Video Blues
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Study Questions
• Chapter 3 The Roots of Jazz
• Jazz in Perspective
• The Significance of African Music to Jazz
• African Musical Aesthetic
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Bamaaya”
• African Music as a Means of Communication
• The Afro-Latin and Caribbean Tinge
• Background
• Early Fusions
• Early American Vocal Music
• The Innovators: Getting the Blues
• Robert Johnson (1911-1938)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Ramblin’ on my Mind”
• Bessie Smith (1984-1937)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Lost Your Head Blues”
• W.C. Handy—“Father of the Blues” (1873-1958)
• Ragtime
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “St. Louis Blues”
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Maple Leaf Rag”
• Brass and Military Bands
• Chronicle of Historic Events
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Study Questions
• PART II: CLASSIC JAZZ
• Chapter 4 Jazz Takes Root
• Jazz in Perspective
• The Reception of Early Jazz
• New Orleans—The Birthplace of Jazz
• New Orleans Jazz Band Instrumentation
• The Innovators: Early Jazz
• Original Dixieland Jazz Band
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Dixie Jass Band One-Step”
• Kid Ory (1890-1973)
• Joe “King” Oliver (1885-1938)
• Lilian Hardin (1898-1971)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Dippermouth Blues”
• Jelly Roll Morton (1890-1941)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Black Bottom Stomp”
• Louis Armstrong (1901-1971)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “West End Blues”
• Sidney Bechet (1897-1959)
• Chronicle of Historic Events
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Study Questions
• Chapter 5 The Jazz Age: From Chicago to New York
• Jazz in Perspective
• On the Other Side of Town
• The Chicago Sound
• The Innovators: A Few of the Many
• New Orleans Rhythm Kings (NORK)
• Bix Beiderbecke (1903-1931)
• Frankie “Tram” Trumbauer (1901-1956)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Singin’ the Blues”
• Paul Whiteman (1890-1967) and Symphonic Jazz
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Mississippi Mud”
• Boogie-Woogiue, Eight to the Bar
• The Decline of the Chicago Era
• New York and the Harlem Renaissance
• James P. Johnson (1891-1955)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Carolina Shout”
• Marketing Jazz
• Chronicle of Historic Events
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Study Questions
• Chapter 6 The Swing Era: Jazz at Its Peak
• Jazz in Perspective
• The Depths of the Depression
• The Country Recovers
• The Anatomy of the Swing Era Jazz Band
• Instrumentation
• Repertoire and Arrangement
• The Innovators: Swing on the East Coast
• Fletcher Henderson (1897-1952)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “The Stampede”
• Coleman Hawkins (1904-1969): “The Father of Jazz Tenor Saxophone”
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Body and Soul”
• Duke Ellington (1899-1974): Music Was His Mistress
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Ko-Ko”
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Isfahan”
• Benny Goodman (1909-1986): The “King of Swing”
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Good Enough to Keep”
• Popular White Swing Bands
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in Artie Shaw’s “Traffic Jam”
• The Vocalists’ Rise to Fame
• Ongoing Latin Influences
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Study Questions
• Chapter 7 Swinging Across the Country: The Bands, Singers, and Pianists
• Jazz in Perspective
• The Innovators: A Unique Kaycee Style
• Bennie Moten (1893-1935)
• William “Count” Basie (1904-1984)
• Lester Young (1909-1959)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Every Tub”
• Territory Bands
• Mary Lou Williams (1910-1981)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Mary’s Idea”
• The Innovators: A Few of the Swing Era Singers and Pianists
• Billie Holiday (1915-1981): “Lady Day”
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Body and Soul”
• Ella Fitzgerald (1918-1986): “The First Lady of Swing”
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Honeysuckle Rose”
• Art Tatum (1909-1956)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Tea For Two”
• Traditional Jazz Revival
• Swing Era Success
• Chronicle of Historic Events
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Study Questions
• PART III: MODERN JAZZ
• Chapter 8 The Bebop Revolution
• Jazz in Perspective
• The Lifestyle and Musical Characteristics
• The Birth of Bebop: The First Recordings
• Characteristics of the Style
• Bebop Performance Practice and Instrumental Roles Defined
• The Innovators: Bop Stylists
• John Birks “Dizzy” Gillespie (1917-1993)
• Charlie Parker (1920-1955)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Anthropology”
• Dexter Gordon (1923-1990)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Index”
• Thelonious Sphere Monk (1917-1982)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Epistrophy”
• Sarah Vaughan (1924-1990): “The Divine One”
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Easy Living”
• Other Significant Bebop Figures
• Bud Powell (1924-1966)
• Oscar Pettiford (1922-1960)
• Kenny Clarke (1914-1985)
• Max Roach (1924-2007)
• Tadd Dameron (1917-1965)
• Fats Navarro (1923-1950)
• J.J. Johnson (1924-2001)
• Betty Carter (1930-1998), Carmen McRae (1920-1994), and Anita O’Day (1919-2006)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Frenesi”
• Barney Kessel (1923-2004) and Tal Farlow (1921-1998)
• Modern Jazz Embraces the Afro-Cuban Spirit
• Dizzy Gillespie and the Birth of Cubop
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Manteca”
• The Decline of Bebop
• Chronicle of Historic Events
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Appendix: table of million selling record albums
• Study Questions
• Suggested Supplemental Listening
• Chapter 9 The 1950s and Early 1960s: Cool, Intellectual, and Abstract Jazz
• Jazz in Perspective
• Characteristics of Cool Jazz
• The Innovators: The Cool Sound on the East and West Coasts
• Miles Davis (1926-1991) and Gil Evans (1912-1988): The Birth of the Cool
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Moon Dreams”
• Modern Jazz Quartet
• Gerry Mulligan (1927-1996) and Chet Baker (1929-1988)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Line for Lyons”
• Dave Brubeck (1920-2012)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Blue Rondo á la Turk”
• Bill Evans (1929-1980)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Witchcraft”
• The Brazilian Bossa Nova
• Stan Getz (1927-1991)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “So Danço Samba”
• Third-Stream Jazz
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Transformation”
• Lennie Tristano (1919-1978)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Intuition”
• Who Was Popular
• Chronicle of Historic Events
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Study Questions
• PART IV: POSTMODERN JAZZ
• Chapter 10 Tradition Meets the Avant-Garde: Moderns and Early Postmoderns Coexist
• Jazz in Perspective
• The Innovators: The Characteristics and Artists of Mainstream Hard Bop
• Art Blakey (1919-1990) Carries the Message
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Moanin’”
• Other Hard Bop Messengers
• Horace Silver (1928-2014)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Strollin’”
• Clifford Brown (1930-1956) and Sonny Rollins (1930-)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Pent Up House”
• More About Funky, Soul Jazz and the 1950s and 1960s
• Organ Trios and the Guitar
• Wes Montgomery (1923-1968)
• Jimmy Smith (1925-2005)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “OGD”
• Lambert, Hendricks & Ross and the Vocal Groups of the 1950s and 1960s
• Everlasting Big Bands
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “La Suerte de los Tontos”
• Defining Postmodernism
• Ornette Coleman (1930-2015) and his Disciples
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Congeniality”
• The Innovators: Postmodern Jazz Comes of Age
• Charles Mingus (1922-1979) – The Underdog
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Boogie Stop Shuffle”
• The End of Modern Jazz Heralded by the Beginning of the Postmoderns
• Jazz in Academia
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Study Questions
• Chapter 11 Miles and Miles of Miles: Miles Davis and His Sidemen Redefine Postmodern Jazz
• Jazz in Perspective
• The Music
• The Early Miles
• The First Great Quintet
• Modal Jazz
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “So What”
• Miles and Gil
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Summertime”
• The Second Great Quintet
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Orbits”
• The Electronic Jazz-Rock Fusion Period
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Miles Runs the Voodoo Down”
• Davis Sidemen Become Major Forces
• John Coltrane (1926-1967)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Giant Steps”
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “My Favorite Things”
• Wayne Shorter (1933-2023)
• Herbie Hancock (1940-)
• Chronicle of Historic Events
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Study Questions
• Chapter 12 The 1970s – An Electric Revolution
• Jazz in Perspective
• The Music
• Jazz and Rock: The Two-Way Connection
• The Innovators: Living Electric in the Shadow of Miles Davis
• Weather Report
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Palladium”
• Herbie Hancock and the Head Hunters
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Chameleon”
• John McLaughlin (1942-) and the Mahavishnu Orchestra
• Chick Corea (1941-2021)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Spain”
• Soul and Pop Instrumental Jazz
• David Sanborn (1945-)
• The Brecker Brothers
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Some Skunk Funk”
• Grover Washington, Jr. (1943-1999)
• Chuck Mangione (1940-)
• The Signs of the Times: New Technologies and Changing Business Models
• Chronicle of Historic Events
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Study Questions
• Chapter 13 The Eclectic 1970s-1990s
• Long Live Acoustic Jazz
• The ECM Sound
• The Innovators: The Rebirth of Acoustic Jazz
• Keith Jarrett (1945-)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “The Windup”
• Return of Expatriates Unleashes a Rebirth of Acoustic Jazz
• Wynton Marsalis (1961-) and the Young Lions
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Delfeayo’s Dilemma”
• Established Artists Set a New Standard
• John Scofield (1951-) and Joe Lovano (1952-)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Some Nerve”
• Michael Brecker (1949-2007) and Pat Metheny (1954-)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Song for Bilbao”
• The Freedom Fighters Take Risks
• Cecil Taylor (1929-)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Jitney No. 2”
• Jazz/Pop Crossover Vocalists
• George Benson (1943-)
• Al Jarreau (1940-2017)
• Bobby McFerrin (1950-)
• Vocal Ensemble Renaissance
• The Manhattan Transfer
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Another Night in Tunisia”
• Old Bottles, New Wines – Long Live Big Bands
• The Changing Jazz Landscape as the Millennium Comes to a Close
• Chronicle of Historic Events
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Study Questions
• Chapter 14 Jazz for a New Century
• Jazz in Perspective
• A Note from the Authors
• Trends in Contemporary Jazz
• Popular Music Influences
• Tim Hagans (1954-)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Trumpet Sandwich”
• Vocal Renaissance
• Esperanza Spalding (1984-)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Cuerpo y Alma”
• Kurt Elling (1967-)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Up From New Orleans”
• Contemporary Women Emerging as Innovators
• Teri Lynne Carrington (1965-)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Mosaic Triad”
• Innovation Through Composition
• Maria Schneider (1960-)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Hang Gliding”
• Afro-Cuban and Latin Jazz
• Danilo Pérez (1965-)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Suite for the Americas, Part 1”
• Jazz as an International Language
• Rudresh Mahanthappa (1971-) and Vijay Iyer (1971-)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “The Shape of Things”
• The New Innovators: 21st-Century Emerging Artists
• Jason Moran (1975-)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Artists Ought to Be Writing”
• Chris Potter (1971-)
• Musical Highlights to Listen for in “Firefly”
• Closing Thoughts
• Chronicle of Historic Events
• Chapter Summary
• Key Terms
• Study Questions
• Chapter 14.5 The Story Continues
• Online Supplement Found at
• Introduction
• Selected Innovative Contemporary Artists
• Appendix I: Glossary of Terms
• Appendix II: Suggested Jazz Videos
• Appendix III: Chapter Notes and Additional Sources
• Index