Classic Recordings, Art Blakey - Moanin'

So long, Benny Golson…

When the hard bop saxophonist Benny Golson passed away recently at the age of 95, his many achievements came to mind, particularly his timeless compositions like ‘Stablemates’, ‘Whisper Not’ and ‘I Remember Clifford’. But, despite only performing with the group for little over a year, it is his contribution to Art Blakey and The Jazz Messengers’ pivotal album Moanin’ (1958) for which I reckon he’ll best be remembered. 

Recorded at the famous Van Gelder studio in Hackensack, New Jersey on 30th October, 1958, the album features an all-star lineup of trumpeter Lee Morgan, pianist Bobby Timmons, bassist Jymie Merritt and, of course, Blakey on drums.

Capturing the essence of hard bop, Moanin' stands as a landmark in the jazz canon, and is often placed in esteemed company with other essential releases of the era. At the heart of this masterpiece is Golson, whose creative contributions easily shine through, with four of the five original tracks attributed to the saxophonist — then in his early thirties. 

In addition to his role as composer and musical director, Golson played a significant role in shaping the album's lineup, which predominantly featured musicians from his native Philadelphia. A few months prior, Blakey had phoned him out of the blue, asking the tenorist to fill in for an unavailable Jackie McLean. After sensing the gig's uninspiring atmosphere (and paycheck), Golson took the initiative, suggesting that Blakey revitalise the band by bringing in some fresh talent. In doing so, the Jazz Messengers were reborn through shared musical ties that added to the depth and cohesion of their collective sound.

The title track, penned by Bobby Timmons, also owes much to Golson, who played a crucial role in motivating the pianist to complete the piece. Golson’s influence extended beyond the music itself; he was instrumental in persuading Blue Note co-founder Alfred Lion to record the Messengers during a time when Blakey was navigating patchy spells across various smaller labels. Moanin’ as a result was a homecoming of sorts, one that marked the beginning of a new era in jazz. 

Golson’s keen understanding of ensemble dynamics and his ability to craft engaging compositions helped define the group's sound during this period. The interplay between the horns in pieces like ‘Are You Real’ reflects the composer’s artistry in writing parts that allow each musician to shine while contributing to a cohesive whole. This piece weaves harmonised lines that not only showcase individual virtuosity but also encapsulate the collective sound of the band, becoming a hallmark of the Jazz Messengers' repertoire for years to come. 

Another noteworthy tune, ‘Along Came Betty’, is a gentle swing number characterised by its  sophisticated phrasing while elegantly navigating a 34-bar structure. The way the melodies develop within this form speaks to Golson’s compositional prowess and his ability to create engaging musical narratives. ‘Blues March’, in contrast, kicks off with a commanding military-style drum figure, crafted perfectly for Blakey’s dynamic drumming style. At first glance, its structure may seem unorthodox for a jazz standard, but its distinctive sound and rhythmic complexity make it a rewarding classic.

As music biographer Alan Goldsher writes, “Art Blakey couldn’t have saved jazz if Benny Golson hadn’t saved the Jazz Messengers.” While Blakey himself was the undisputed leader of the Jazz Messengers, he often relied on strong figures within his ranks to serve as musical directors. Following Golson, notable figures like Wayne Shorter and Terence Blanchard would fill this role, each leaving their indelible mark on the ensemble's evolving legacy. In essence, the saxophonist’s contributions to Moanin’ are a testament to his skill as a composer and his ability to elevate his fellow musicians to new heights. The album not only solidified Blakey’s reputation as a leading figure in the genre but also underscored Golson’s importance in the hard bop movement, resulting in a timeless paragon that only improves with each listen.